µ¼¶Á£ºÃ×À¼ÌåÓý×÷Ϊ֪ʶ²úȨµÄÖØÒª²¿·Ö£¬ÒѾ³ÉΪÆóÒµºËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄºËÐÄ£¬Òò¶ø´óÁ¦ÊµÊ©Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÆ·ÅÆÕ½ÂÔ£¬³ÉΪÌáÉýÆóÒµºËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄÓÐЧ;¾¶¡£
21ÊÀ¼ÍÊǾ¼ÃÈ«Çò»¯²»¶Ï¼ÓËÙºÍ֪ʶ¾¼ÃÈÕÒæ·¢Õ¹µÄʱ´ú£¬ÆóÒµ×ÔÖ÷´´ÐºÍÔËÓÃ֪ʶ²úȨµÄÄÜÁ¦ºÍˮƽ¾ö¶¨×ÅÆóÒµµÄºËÐľºÕùÁ¦£¬Ã×À¼ÌåÓý×÷Ϊ֪ʶ²úȨµÄÖØÒª²¿·Ö£¬ÒѾ³ÉΪÆóÒµºËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄºËÐÄ£¬Òò¶ø´óÁ¦ÊµÊ©Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÆ·ÅÆÕ½ÂÔ£¬³ÉΪÌáÉýÆóÒµºËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄÓÐЧ;¾¶¡£
Ã×À¼ÌåÓý¶¨Òå¼°ÖØÒªÐÔ
Ã×À¼ÌåÓýË׳ÆÅÆ¡¢ÅÆ×Ó¡¢Æ·ÅÆ¡¢Åƺš¢Ã³Ò×ÅÆºÅ£¬»ù±¾×÷ÓÃÊÇÇø±ðÉÌÆ·µÄÀ´Ô´»ò·þÎñµÄÌṩÕߣ¬µ«¶¼Óи÷×Ô²»Í¬µÄÄÚº¡£
Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÊÇÒ»ÖÖ֪ʶ²úȨ£¬ÊÇÆóÒµµÄÎÞÐÎ×ʲú£¬Êܵ½·¨Âɵı£»¤¡£
21ÊÀ¼ÍÊÇÐÅϢʱ´ú£¬Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÊÇÊг¡ÐÅÏ¢µÄÖØÒªÔØÌå¡£¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬½ñÌìµÄÊг¡¾ºÕù¾ÍÊÇÃ×À¼ÌåÓýµÄ¾ºÕù¡£
½ñÌ죬Êг¡±È¹¤³§¸üÖØÒª£¬¶øÊг¡¾ÍÊÇÕ¼¾ºÕùÓÅÊÆµØÎ»µÄÃ×À¼ÌåÓý£¬ÓÐÁ˾ºÕùÓÅÊÆµØÎ»µÄÃ×À¼ÌåÓý£¬Ã»Óй¤³§£¬¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃËûÈ˵Ť³§¡£
¿ÉÊÇ£¬Ã»ÓÐÊг¡¾ÍÒªÊÜÖÆÓÚÈË£¬¾Íµ¹±Õ£¬¾ÍÆÆ²ú¡£Ã×À¼ÌåÓýȨÊÇÆóҵʵʩÃ×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂԵĻù´¡ºÍ±£ÕÏ¡£
Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂÔ¶¨Òå¼°ÖØÒªÐÔ
Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂÔÊÇÖ¸ÒÔÃ×À¼ÌåÓýµÄ´´Á¢¡¢¹ÜÀí¡¢ÅàÓý¡¢ÔËÓúͱ£»¤Îª¹Ø¼ü»·½ÚµÄ¾¼ÃÉç»á·¢Õ¹ºÍÆóÒµ¾ÓªÕ½ÂÔ£¬ÊÇÒÔÆ·ÅƼÛÖµÌáÉýΪºËÐÄËù½øÐеÄһϵÁоӪÐÔı»®ºÍÖÆ¶ÈÐÔ°²ÅÅ¡£
´Ó×ÜÌåÀ´¿´£¬Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂÔ´ÓÊôÓÚ¹ú¼Ò֪ʶ²úȨսÂÔ£¬Êǹú¼Ò֪ʶ²úȨսÂÔµÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö¡£2008Äê6Ô£¬¹úÎñÔº³ǫ̈¡¶¹ú¼Ò֪ʶ²úȨսÂÔ¸ÙÒª¡·£¬±êÖ¾×ÅÎÒ¹úÃ×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂÔÔÚ¹ú¼Ò²ãÃæµÄÕýʽʵʩ¡£
Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂÔÊÇÒÔ´´ÃûÅÆÃ×À¼ÌåÓýΪºËÐÄ£¬×ÛºÏÃ×À¼ÌåÓýÒâʶ¡¢Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÑ¡Ôñ¡¢Ã×À¼ÌåÓý»ñȨ¡¢Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÐû´«¡¢ÉÌÆ·ºÍ·þÎñÖÊÁ¿¡¢Ã×À¼ÌåÓý±£»¤¡¢Ã×À¼ÌåÓýʹÓùÜÀíΪһÌ壬·Ö¶Îʵʩ´´ÃûÅÆ¼Æ»®£¬´ïµ½Õ¼ÁìÊг¡£¬»ñµÃ×î´ó¾¼ÃÐ§ÒæµÄÄ¿±ê¡£
Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂÔÊÇÆóÒµÖØÒªµÄ¾ÓªÕ½ÂÔ£¬ÊÇÒ»Ïîϵͳ¹¤³Ì£¬ÓÉÃ×À¼ÌåÓýÔËÓÃÕ½ÂÔ¡¢Ã×À¼ÌåÓý¹ã¸æÕ½ÂÔ¡¢Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂÔµÄÊг¡ÓªÏú¡¢Ã×À¼ÌåÓý¹ÜÀíÕ½ÂÔ¡¢Ã×À¼ÌåÓý¾ÓªÕ½ÂÔ¡¢Ã×À¼ÌåÓý±£»¤Õ½ÂÔ¡¢Õù´´³ÛÃûÃ×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂÔºÍÃ×À¼ÌåÓý¹ú¼Ê»¯Õ½ÂÔµÈϵͳ¹¹³É¡£
ÔÚÃ×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂÔ¶¯×÷ÖУ¬¸÷ϵͳ»¥ÎªÒ»Ì壬»¥Îª×÷Ó㬲¢ÇÒÔÚÃ×À¼ÌåÓýÕ½ÂÔÕûÌ广»®Ö¸µ¼Ï£¬·¢»Ó¸÷×ÔÏàÓ¦µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ÓлúµØÐγÉÒ»¸öÕûÌ塣ʵʩÃ×À¼ÌåÓýÆ·ÅÆÕ½ÂÔµÄ×îÖÕÄ¿±êÊÇ´òÔìÃûÅÆ¡£
³ÛÃûÃ×À¼ÌåÓý£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÓµÓÐÁ¼ºÃÉùÓþ¡¢ÉÌÆ·»ò·þÎñÖÊÁ¿ºÃ¡¢Êг¡Õ¼ÓÐÂʸߣ¬ÎªÏà¹Ø¹«ÖÚÊìÖªµÄÃ×À¼ÌåÓý¡£Æä×÷ÓÃÒÑÔ¶Ô¶²»Ö¹ÓÚÇø±ðÉÌÆ·µÄÀ´Ô´ºÍ·þÎñµÄÌṩÕߣ¬»¹´ú±í×ÅÆäÀµÒÔ³ÛÃûµÄ·á¸»ÄÚººÍ×ۺϾºÕùÁ¦¡£
ÆóÒµÓµÓÐÁ˳ÛÃûÃ×À¼ÌåÓý£¬²»½öÓµÓÐÁËÒ»±Ê¾Þ´óµÄÎÞÐÎ×ʲú£¬¶øÇÒ»¹ÓµÓÐÁËÔÚ¹úÄÚÍâÊг¡¾ºÕùÖÐÈ¡µÃÓÅÊÆµØÎ»µÄÓÐÁ¦ÎäÆ÷¡£
ÄÄÒ»¸ö³ÇÊÐÓµÓиü¶àµÄ³ÛÃûÃ×À¼ÌåÓý£¬Ëü±ØÈ»ÊǾ¼ÃÇ¿ÊУ¬¶øÊÀ½çÐÔÃ×À¼ÌåÓýÔòÊǹú¼ÒµÄ²Æ¸»¡£Ò»¸ö¹ú¼ÒÓиü¶àµÄÊÀ½çÐÔ³ÛÃûÃ×À¼ÌåÓý£¬Ëü±ØÈ»ÊÇδÀ´ÊÀ½çµÄ¾¼ÃÇ¿¹ú¡£
¡°ºËÐľºÕùÁ¦¡±ÊÇ1990ÄêÃÀ¹ú¹ÜÀíѧ¼ÒÆÕÀ¹þÀµÂºÍ¹þĬ¶ûÔÚ¡¶¹þ·ðÉÌÒµÆÀÂÛ¡·ÉÏ·¢±íµÄÎÄÕÂÖÐÊ×´ÎÌá³öµÄ£¬ÊÇÖ¸£º
ÔÚijһ×éÖ¯ÄÚ²¿¾¹ýÕûºÏÁ˵Ä֪ʶºÍ¼¼ÄÜ£¬ÊÇÆóÒµÔÚ¾Óª¹ý³ÌÖÐÐγɵIJ»Ò×±»¾ºÕù¶ÔÊÖЧ·ÂµÄ¡¢ÄÜ´øÀ´³¬¶îÀûÈóµÄ¡¢¶ÀÌØµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£
ΪÁËʶ±ðºËÐľºÕùÁ¦£¬ÆÕÀ¹þÀµÂºÍ¹þĬ¶û»¹Ìá³öÁËÈýÖÖ¼ìÑé±ê×¼£º
1.ºËÐľºÕùÁ¦Ó¦ÊǾºÕù¶ÔÊÖÄÑÒÔÄ£·Â£»
2.ºËÐľºÕùÁ¦±ØÐ볬±ÈÀýµØÌṩ¹Ë¿ÍÄܳöÀ´µÄ¼ÛÖµ£»
3.ºËÐľºÕùÁ¦ÄÜΪÆóÒµÌṩ½øÈëÏà¹ØÇ±ÔÚÊг¡µÄ»ú»á¡£
Òò´Ë£¬Òª³ÉΪÆóÒµºËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄ¶«Î÷±ØÐë¾ßÓжÀÌØÐÔ£¬ÆóÒµËùÓµÓеĺËÐÄ×ÊÔ´ÒªÓÐÕâÑùµÄÌØµã£º
Êг¡ÉÏÂò²»µ½£¬Óз¨Âɱ£»¤£¬×ÊÔ´±¾ÉíÓëÄÜÁ¦Óл¥²¹ÐÔ£»¾ßÓÐ×éÖ¯ÐÔ£¬²»ÊôÓÚ¸öÈË£»ÓгÖÐø¾ºÕùÁ¦¡£Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÆ·ÅÆÕý¾ßÓкËÐľºÕùÁ¦ÕâÐ©ÌØÐÔ¡£
Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÆ·ÅÆÊÇÆóÒµ¾ºÕùÁ¦µÄºËÐÄ
Æ·ÅÆ×÷ΪһÖÖ¶ÀÓеÄÎÞÐÎ×ʲú£¬¾ßÓÐÌØÊâµÄ¸½¼ÓÖµ£¬ËüÁ¥ÊôÓÚÒ»¶¨µÄ×éÖ¯£¬²¢ÇÒÓÐÏàÓ¦µÄרÀûºÍ·¨Âɱ£»¤¡£´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉÏ˵£¬Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÆ·ÅÆµÄ¾ºÕùÁ¦Ò²´ú±íÁËÆóÒµµÄºËÐľºÕùÁ¦¡£
£¨Ò»£©Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÆ·ÅÆÊÇÐÎ³ÉÆóÒµºËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄƽ̨¡£
Ã×À¼ÌåÓý¶ÔÐγɺËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄ×÷ÓÃÖ÷Òª±íÏÖÔÚ£º
1.Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÊÇ֪ʶ²úȨµÄÔØÌ塣ûÓÐÃ×À¼ÌåÓý£¬¼´Ê¹ÓÐÁË×ÔÖ÷֪ʶ²úȨ£¬Ò²Ã»ÓгÐÔØÕß¡£
2.Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÊÇÐγɺËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄÕûºÏÁ¦Á¿¡£ÕâÀïµÄÕûºÏÊÇÖ¸°Ñ×Ô¼ºµÄ×ÊÔ´ºÍ±ðÈ˵Ä×ÊÔ´ÕûºÏÆðÀ´¡£
³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹µÄ´óÆóÒµ£¬¶¼ÊÇ¿¿Æ·ÅưÑ×ÊÔ´²»¶ÏÕûºÏµ½´¦×Ô¼ºÃûϵġ£Èç¹ûûÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄÆ·ÅÆ£¬¾ÍÖ»Äܱ»±ðÈËÕûºÏ£¬¶ø²»¿ÉÄÜÈ¥ÕûºÏ±ðÈË¡£
3.Æ·ÅÆÊÇ°ÑÆóÒµºËÐľºÕùÁ¦ÖªÊ¶²úȨ»¯µÄÊֶΣ¬Ò²ÊǺËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄ·¨Âɱ£»¤ÊֶΡ£¾ºÕùÁ¦Æ·ÅÆ»¯£¬±ðÈ˾ÍÎÞ·¨ÔÙȥģ·Â¡£
4.Æ·ÅÆÊÇÈÃÏû·ÑÕßÈÏÖªÆóÒµºËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄ±êÖ¾¡£Í¨¹ýÏû·ÑÕßµÄÈÏÖª²ÅÄÜʹºËÐľºÕùÁ¦ÔÚÉ̳¡¾ºÕùÖиüºÃµØ·¢»Ó×÷Ó㬶øÒ»°ãÏû·ÑÕß¶¼ÊÇͨ¹ýÆ·ÅÆÀ´ÈÏÖªÆóÒµµÄ¡£
ËùÒÔ£¬Æ·ÅÆÊÇÆóÒµºËÐľºÕùÁ¦ÓëÏû·ÑÕßÖ®µÄÇÅÁº£¬Ã»ÓÐÆ·ÅÆ£¬ÆóÒµºËÐľºÕùÁ¦µÄ×÷Óñؽ«´ó´óÕÛ¿Û¡£
£¨¶þ£©Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÆ·ÅÆÊÇÌáÉýÆóÒµ¾ºÕùÁ¦µÄÓÐЧ;¾¶¡£
´ÓÎÒ¹úÃ×À¼ÌåÓýµÄÆðÔ´Óë·¢Õ¹ÀúÊ·¿´£¬Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÊÇÉÌÆ·¾¼ÃµÄ²úÎÓÐÁËÉÌÆ·£¬²ÅÓÐÃ×À¼ÌåÓý¡£Ëæ×ÅÉÌÆ·¾¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Ã×À¼ÌåÓý³ÐÔØµÄ¹¦ÄÜÇ÷Ïò¶àÔª»¯¡£
°éËæ×Å21ÊÀ¼ÍÆ·ÅÆ¾ÓªÊ±´úµÄµ½À´£¬ÉÌÆ·Á÷ͨ±é²¼È«Çò£¬Ã×À¼ÌåÓýµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬²»½öÌåÏÖÔÚÇø±ðÉÌÆ·»ò·þÎñµÄÀ´Ô´ÉÏ£¬»¹ÌåÏÖÔÚ£º
1.Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÊÇÆóÒµÖØÒªµÄÉú²úÒªËØ¡£ÏÖÔÚÊÇ֪ʶ¾¼Ãʱ´ú£¬ÊÇÒÔ֪ʶΪ»ù´¡µÄ¾¼Ãʱ´ú£¬ÆäÖ÷ÒªÉú²úÒªËØÊÇ֪ʶºÍÐÅÏ¢¡£
Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÊÇ֪ʶ²úȨµÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö£¬¼¯ÖÐÌåÏֺͷ´Ó³ÉÌÆ·µÄ֪ʶº¬Á¿µÄ¾ÍÊÇÆ·ÅÆ£¬¾ÍÊÇÃ×À¼ÌåÓý¡£
Òò´Ë˵£¬Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÊÇÆóÒµÖØÒªµÄÉú²úÒªËØ£¬Ã×À¼ÌåÓý¼¯ÖÐÌåÏÖÁËÒ»¸öÆóÒµµÄ×ÛºÏËØÖʺÍÊг¡¾ºÕùÁ¦£¬ÄÜ´ø¶¯ÆóÒµ¡¢ÉõÖÁÒ»¸öµØÇø¡¢Ò»¸ö¹ú¼ÒµÄ¾¼Ã³¬³£¹æ¡¢ÌøÔ¾Ê½·¢Õ¹¡£
2.Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÊÇÆóÒµ¼¼Êõ´´ÐÂת»¯ÎªÊг¡¾ºÕùÓÅÊÆµÄÔØÌå¡£¼¼Êõ´´ÐÂÊÇÓÉ¿ª·¢¸ßм¼ÊõºÍ¿Æ¼¼³É¹ûµÄÉÌÆ·»¯×ª»¯Á½¸ö·½Ãæ¹¹³É¡£
Óɼ¼Êõ´´Ð²úÉúµÄ¡°×ÔÖ÷֪ʶ²úȨ¡±£¬²»½ö°üÀ¨×ÔÖ÷¿ª·¢¼¼Êõ»ñµÃµÄרÀûȨ£¬»¹°üÀ¨´´ÔìÊг¡ÓÅÊÆ¶øÈ¡µÃµÄ×ÔÖ÷֪ʶ²úȨ£¬ÈçÃ×À¼ÌåÓýȨ¡¢×ÖºÅȨ¡¢ÉÌÒµÃØÃܵȡ£
Ëæ×Å¿ÆÑ§¼¼ÊõµÄ½ø²½£¬Ð¼¼Êõ¡¢Ð²ÄÁÏ¡¢Ð¹¤ÒÕ²»¶Ï³öÏÖ£¬¿Æ¼¼³É¹ûת»»³ÉÉÌÆ·Í¶·ÅÊг¡£¬Ö»ÓÐÓÃÃ×À¼ÌåÓý±£»¤£¬²ÅÄÜʹ¿Æ¼¼³É¹û²úÉú¸üºÃµÄÐ§Òæ¡£Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÔÚ¼¼Êõ´´ÐÂÖз¢»Ó×Åʶ±ð¡¢Î¬»¤ºÍºÍ´óÓÅÊÆµÄÖØÒª×÷Óá£
3.Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÊÇÆóÒµÐÅÓþµÄÔØÌå¡£ÔÚÊг¡¾¼ÃѸÃÍ·¢Õ¹µÄ½ñÌ죬ÿ¸öÃ×À¼ÌåÓý±³ºó¶¼»áÓв»Í¬µÄÉÌÆ·Éú²úÕߺͷþÎñÌṩÕß¡£
ÒòÆäÔÚÉÌÆ·»ò·þÎñÉÏͶÈëµÄ×ÔÖ÷´´Ð¡¢Éú²ú¹ÜÀíµÈ¾ßÌåÀͶ¯µÄ²»Í¬µ¼ÖÂÆäÉú²úµÄ²úÆ·ÔÚ¿îʽ¡¢Öʵء¢¼Û¸ñµÈ·½Ãæ»òÕßÌṩµÄ¾ßÌå·þÎñÉÏÍùÍùǧ²îÍò±ð£¬ÐγÉÁËÉÌÆ·»ò·þÎñÖÊÁ¿µÄ²îÒ죬ÔÚÊг¡Éϼ¯ÖбíÏÖÓÚÃ×À¼ÌåÓýÐÅÓþ¡£
ÓÈÆäÊdzÛÃû¡¢ÖøÃûÃ×À¼ÌåÓý±êʾµÄÉÌÆ·»ò·þÎñµÄÉú²úÕß¡¢·þÎñÕßͶÈëÔÚÉÌÆ·ÖеÄÀͶ¯¶¼µÃµ½ÁËÉç»á¹«ÖÚ¸ß¶ÈµÄÆÀ¼Û¡¢¹ã·ºµÄÈϿɺͳ¬ÖµµÄ¶ÒÏÖ¡£
£¨Èý£©Ã×À¼ÌåÓýÆ·ÅÆÌåÏÖÆóÒµ¾ºÕùÁ¦µÄ×ʱ¾»¯¡£
Ã×À¼ÌåÓý×÷ΪÎÞÐÎ×ʲú£¬¾ßÓвÆÎñ¼ÛÖµ£¬ÊÇÆóÒµ²Æ¸»µÄÔØÌ壬ÄÜΪÆóÒµ´øÀ´½Ï¸ßµÄ¾¼Ã¸½¼ÓÖµ¡£ÆóÒµ»¹¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃÃ×À¼ÌåÓý×ʲúÔËÓª£¬Ã×À¼ÌåÓýȨ¿ÉÒÔ×÷ΪÖÊѺÎïÏòÒøÐдû¿î£¬»òÕß½«Ã×À¼ÌåÓý×÷ΪͶ×ÊÊÖ¶Î×÷¼Û³ö×ÊÈë¹ÉÏòÍâÀ©ÕÅ¡£